CHAPTER 3 : AGRO - ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM

AGROECOLOGY & CLIMATE CHANGE

  Different  CLIMATE

Tropics 

Many agricultural activities such as rubber, oil palm, cocoa, coconuts and sugar cane.

Temperate  

• Neither too warm nor too cold 
•  neither too wet nor too dry.
•   Four season can be identified a warm summer, cool winter, mild spring and autumn.
• Crops are usually planted in spring and harvested in summer like maize, and wheat.

  

  

• Very low temperature 
• short growing season.
•  Dominant vegetation like grasses, mosses and lichens.
• Farming of crops and livestock are possible 
• restricted enclosures adequate water supply.

 Three  types of tundra are Arctic

Antarctic

 Alpine.

 Deserts

• Very little precipitation of < than 250 mm annually.
• Usually have extreme diurnal temperature range
•  very high in the day, and extremely low at night.
•  Agriculture is made possible with sufficient irrigation 

 

water:

Southern peninsular Malaysia has an average annual rainfall in excess of 3000mm, most suitable for oil palm cultivation.

• Kedah-Perlis region received <2000mm, more suitable for rubber and mangoes.

soil :

soil health : Foundation of productive farming practices.

 HUMAN RESOURCE

      Agriculture needs many:

1. Scientists - who conduct research from production level to processing and marketing.
2. Teaching institutions of agriculture - produce graduates in numerous agricultural fields.
3.  Supporting specialists - extension specialist to pass the knowledge to the operators in the fields, marketing specialists and the economists.
4. Skilled operators - land preparation, managing machine and tools, planting and harvesting

Important in soil nutrient cycle

    Impact of Climatic Change

Global Warming - 

cause :releases greenhouse gas

industries 

EFFECT : melting polar ice.

 Impact of Pollution

• Acid Rain : impact on forest, fresh water and soil, killing off life forms, and effecting crops and animal production.
• Heavy Metals : intensive industry,available to plants and animal and in phosphate rocks will pollute the soil and render the crops toxic.
• Chemical Pesticide : effects and reduces biodiversity.
• Eutrophication : cause an excessive enrichment of the water (eutrophication) leading to rapid algal growth.

thank you !

save the world.